Revue d’Economie Théorique et Appliquée  - RETA
ISSN (Papier) : 1840-7277  |  ISSN (Electronique) : 1840-751X  | www.retanet.org | revue@retanet.org | doi.org/10.62519/reta
© 2011-2024 - The Theoretical and Applied Economic Association | Since 01/01/2011 : 2 949 457 Hits | Téléchargements : 218 831



             981 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) Classification System


A - General Economics and Teaching
B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
D - Microeconomics
E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
F - International Economics
G - Financial Economics
H - Public Economics
I - Health, Education, and Welfare
J - Labor and Demographic Economics
K - Law and Economics
L - Industrial Organization
M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting
N - Economic History
O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
P - Economic Systems
Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics
R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics
Y - Miscellaneous Categories
Z - Other Special Topics

 



    A - General Economics and Teaching

          A1 - General Economics

                A10 - General
                A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists
                A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines?
                A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values?
                A14 - Sociology of Economics?
                A19 - Other

          A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics

                A20 - General
                A21 - Pre-college
                A22 - Undergraduate
                A23 - Graduate
                A29 - Other

          A3 - Collective Works

                A30 - General
                A31 - Collected Writings of Individuals
                A32 - Volumes
                A33 - Handbooks
                A39 - Other
Retour

    B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
                B00 - General

          B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925

                B10 - General
                B11 - Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic)
                B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
                B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
                B14 - Socialist; Marxist B23
                B15 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary
                B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical
                B19 - Other

          B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925

                B20 - General
                B21 - Microeconomics
                B22 - Macroeconomics
                B23 - Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
                B24 - Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian
                B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian
                B26 - Financial Economics
                B29 - Other

          B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals

                B30 - General
                B31 - Individuals
                B32 - Obituaries

          B4 - Economic Methodology

                B40 - General
                B41 - Economic Methodology
                B49 - Other

          B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches

                B50 - General
                B51 - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian
                B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary
                B53 - Austrian
                B54 - Feminist Economics
                B59 - Other
Retour

    C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods

          C0 - General

                C00 - General
                C01 - Econometrics
                C02 - Mathematical Methods

          C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General

                C10 - General
                C11 - Bayesian Analysis: General
                C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General
                C13 - Estimation: General
                C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
                C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
                C18 - Methodological Issues: General
                C19 - Other

          C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables

                C20 - General
                C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions B60
                C22 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models
                C23 - Models with Panel Data; Longitudinal Data; Spatial Time Series
                C24 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models
                C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions
                C26 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation B65
                C29 - Other

          C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables

                C30 - General
                C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models
                C32 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models
                C33 - Models with Panel Data; Longitudinal Data; Spatial Time Series
                C34 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models
                C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions
                C36 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
                C38 - Classification Methods; Cluster Analysis; Factor Models
                C39 - Other

          C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics

                C40 - General
                C41 - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies
                C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
                C44 - Operations Research; Statistical Decision
                C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
                C46 - Specific Distributions; Specific Statistics
                C49 - Other

          C5 - Econometric Modeling

                C50 - General
                C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
                C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
                C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods; Simulation Methods (Updated!)
                C54 - Quantitative Policy Modeling
                C58 - Financial Econometrics
                C59 - Other

          C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling

                C60 - General
                C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
                C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
                C63 - Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling
                C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
                C67 - Input–Output Models
                C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
                C69 - Other

          C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory

                C70 - General
                C71 - Cooperative Games
                C72 - Noncooperative Games
                C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games
                C78 - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
                C79 - Other

          C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs

                C80 - General
                C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Analysis
                C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Analysis
                C83 - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
                C87 - Econometric Software
                C88 - Other Computer Software
                C89 - Other

          C9 - Design of Experiments

                C90 - General
                C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
                C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
                C93 - Field Experiments
                C99 - Other
Retour

    D - Microeconomics

          D0 - General

                D00 - General
                D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
                D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations
                D03 - Behavioral Economics; Underlying Principles
                D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation; Evaluation

          D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics

                D10 - General
                D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
                D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
                D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold
                D14 - Personal Finance
                D18 - Consumer Protection
                D19 - Other

          D2 - Production and Organizations

                D20 - General
                D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
                D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
                D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
                D24 - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity(Updated!)
                D29 - Other

          D3 - Distribution

                D30 - General
                D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
                D33 - Factor Income Distribution
                D39 - Other

          D4 - Market Structure and Pricing

                D40 - General
                D41 - Perfect Competition
                D42 - Monopoly
                D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
                D44 - Auctions
                D45 - Rationing; Licensing
                D46 - Value Theory
                D47 - Market Design (Updated!)
                D49 - Other

          D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium

                D50 - General
                D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
                D52 - Incomplete Markets
                D53 - Financial Markets
                D57 - Input-Output Tables and Analysis
                D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
                D59 - Other

          D6 - Welfare Economics

                D60 - General
                D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
                D62 - Externalities
                D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
                D64 - Altruism; Philanthropy (Updated!)
                D69 - Other

          D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making

                D70 - General
                D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
                D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
                D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
                D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances
                D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
                D79 - Other

          D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty

                D80 - General
                D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
                D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
                D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief
                D84 - Expectations; Speculations
                D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
                D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
                D87 - Neuroeconomics
                D89 - Other

          D9 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth

                D90 - General
                D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
                D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Financing, Investment, and Capacity
                D99 - Other
Retour

    E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics

          E0 - General

                E00 - General
                E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
                E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy

          E1 - General Aggregative Models

                E10 - General
                E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
                E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
                E13 - Neoclassical
                E16 - Social Accounting Matrix (Updated!)
                E17 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and
                E19 - Other

          E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy

                E20 - General
                E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
                E22 - Capital; Investment; Capacity
                E23 - Production
                E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital
                E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
                E26 - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
                E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
                E29 - Other

          E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles

                E30 - General
                E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
                E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
                E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
                E39 - Other

          E4 - Money and Interest Rates

                E40 - General
                E41 - Demand for Money
                E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
                E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
                E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
                E47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
                E49 - Other

          E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit

                E50 - General
                E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
                E52 - Monetary Policy
                E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
                E59 - Other

          E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook

                E60 - General
                E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
                E62 - Fiscal Policy
                E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy
                E64 - Incomes Policy; Price Policy
                E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
                E66 - General Outlook and Conditions
                E69 - Other
Retour

    F - International Economics

          F0 - General

                F00 - General
                F01 - Global Outlook
                F02 - International Economic Order

          F1 - Trade

                F10 - General
                F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
                F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
                F13 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
                F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade (Updated!)
                F15 - Economic Integration
                F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
                F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
                F18 - Trade and Environment
                F19 - Other

          F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business

                F20 - General
                F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
                F22 - International Migration
                F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business
                F24 - Remittances
                F29 - Other

          F3 - International Finance

                F30 - General
                F31 - Foreign Exchange
                F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
                F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
                F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
                F35 - Foreign Aid
                F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
                F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
                F39 - Other

          F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

                F40 - General
                F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
                F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
                F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
                F44 - International Business Cycles
                F45 - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions
                F47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
                F49 - Other

          F5 - International Relations and International Political Economy

                F50 - General
                F51 - National Security; Economic Nationalism
                F52 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
                F53 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
                F54 - International Institutional Arrangements
                F55 - Other
                F59 - Globalization

          F6 - General

                F60 - Microeconomic Impacts
                F61 - Macroeconomic Impacts
                F62 - Economic Development
                F63 - Environment
                F64 - Finance
                F65 - Labor
                F66 - Policy
                F68 - Financial Economics
                F69 - General
Retour

    G - Financial Economics

          G0 - Financial Crises

                G00 - Behavioral Finance: Underlying Principles
                G01 - Financial Crises
                G02 - Behavioral Finance: Underlying Principles

          G1 - General Financial Markets

                G10 - General
                G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
                G12 - Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates
                G13 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
                G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
                G15 - International Financial Markets
                G17 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation
                G18 - Government Policy and Regulation
                G19 - Other

          G2 - Financial Institutions and Services

                G20 - General
                G21 - Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
                G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies
                G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors (Updated!)
                G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
                G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
                G29 - Other

          G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance

                G30 - General
                G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity
                G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill (Updated!)
                G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
                G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
                G35 - Payout Policy
                G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
                G39 - Other
Retour

    H - Public Economics
                H00 - General

          H1 - General

                H10 - Structure and Scope of Government
                H11 - General
                H12 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
                H19 - Crisis Management

          H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue

                H20 - General
                H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
                H22 - Incidence
                H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
                H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
                H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
                H26 - Tax Evasion
                H27 - Other Sources of Revenue
                H29 - Other

          H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents

                H30 - General
                H31 - Household
                H32 - Firm
                H39 - Other

          H4 - Publicly Provided Goods

                H40 - General
                H41 - Public Goods
                H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
                H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate
                H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
                H49 - Other

          H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies

                H50 - General
                H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
                H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
                H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
                H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
                H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
                H56 - National Security and War
                H57 - Procurement
                H59 - Other

          H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt

                H60 - General
                H61 - Budget; Budget Systems
                H62 - Deficit; Surplus
                H63 - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt
                H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
                H69 - Other

          H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations

                H70 - General
                H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
                H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
                H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
                H74 - State and Local Borrowing
                H75 - State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions
                H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
                H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession
                H79 - Other

          H8 - Miscellaneous Issues

                H80 - General
                H81 - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts
                H82 - Governmental Property
                H83 - Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
                H84 - Disaster Aid
                H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
                H89 - Other
Retour

    I - Health, Education, and Welfare

          I0 - General

                I00 - General

          I1 - Health

                I10 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
                I11 - Health Production
                I12 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
                I13 - Health and Inequality
                I14 - Health and Economic Development
                I15 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
                I18 - Other
                I19 - Other

          I2 - Education and Research Institutions

                I20 - General
                I21 - Analysis of Education
                I22 - Educational Finance
                I23 - Higher Education and Research Institutions
                I24 - Education and Inequality
                I25 - Education and Economic Development
                I28 - Government Policy
                I29 - Other

          I3 - Welfare and Poverty

                I30 - General
                I31 - General Welfare
                I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
                I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
                I39 - Other
Retour

    J - Labor and Demographic Economics

          J0 - General

                J00 - General
                J01 - Labor Economics: General
                J08 - Labor Economics Policies

          J1 - Demographic Economics

                J10 - General
                J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
                J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse
                J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
                J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
                J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
                J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
                J17 - Value of Life; Forgone Income
                J18 - Public Policy
                J19 - Other

          J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor

                J20 - General
                J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
                J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
                J23 - Labor Demand
                J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
                J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies
                J28 - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
                J29 - Other

          J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

                J30 - General
                J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
                J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions
                J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
                J38 - Public Policy
                J39 - Other

          J4 - Particular Labor Markets

                J40 - General
                J41 - Labor Contracts
                J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
                J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
                J44 - Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing
                J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
                J47 - Coercive Labor Markets
                J48 - Public Policy
                J49 - Other

          J5 - Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining

                J50 - General
                J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
                J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining
                J53 - Labor–Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
                J54 - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership
                J58 - Public Policy
                J59 - Other

          J6 - General

                J60 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
                J61 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
                J62 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
                J63 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
                J64 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
                J65 - Public Policy
                J68 - Public Policy 
                J69 - Other

          J7 - Labor Discrimination

                J70 - General
                J71 - Discrimination
                J78 - Public Policy
                J79 - Other

          J8 - Labor Standards: National and International

                J80 - General
                J81 - Working Conditions
                J82 - Labor Force Composition
                J83 - Workers' Rights
                J88 - Public Policy
                J89 - Other
Retour

    K - Law and Economics

          K0 - General

                K00 - General

          K1 - Basic Areas of Law

                K10 - General
                K11 - Property Law
                K12 - Contract Law
                K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability
                K14 - Criminal Law
                K19 - Other

          K2 - Regulation and Business Law

                K20 - General
                K21 - Antitrust Law
                K22 - Business and Securities Law (Updated!)
                K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
                K29 - Other

          K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law

                K30 - K30
                K31 - Labor Law
                K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
                K33 - International Law
                K34 - Tax Law
                K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law
                K36 - Family and Personal Law
                K37 - Immigration Law (Updated!)
                K39 - Other

          K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior

                K40 - General
                K41 - Litigation Process
                K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
                K49 - Other
Retour

    L - Industrial Organization

          L0 - General

                L00 - General

          L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance

                L10 - General
                L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
                L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
                L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
                L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
                L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
                L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices
                L17 - Open Source Products and Markets
                L19 - Other

          L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior

                L20 - General
                L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
                L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
                L23 - Organization of Production
                L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing
                L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
                L26 - Entrepreneurship

          L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise

                L30 - General
                L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs
                L32 - Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises
                L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out
                L38 - Public Policy
                L39 - Other

          L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies

                L40 - General
                L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
                L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
                L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
                L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
                L49 - Other

          L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy

                L50 - General
                L51 - Economics of Regulation
                L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
                L53 - Enterprise Policy
                L59 - Other

          L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing

                L60 - General
                L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
                L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
                L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
                L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
                L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
                L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits
                L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
                L68 - Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
                L69 - Other

          L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction

                L70 - General
                L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
                L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
                L73 - Forest Products
                L74 - Construction
                L78 - Government Policy
                L79 - Other

          L8 - Industry Studies: Services

                L80 - General
                L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
                L82 - Entertainment; Media
                L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
                L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
                L85 - Real Estate Services
                L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
                L87 - Postal and Delivery Services
                L88 - Government Policy
                L89 - Other

          L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities

                L90 - General
                L91 - Transportation: General
                L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
                L93 - Air Transportation
                L94 - Electric Utilities
                L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
                L96 - Telecommunications
                L97 - Utilities: General
                L98 - Government Policy
                L99 - Other
Retour

    M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting

          M0 - General

                M00 - General

          M1 - Business Administration

                M10 - General
                M11 - Production Management
                M12 - Personnel Management; Executive Compensation
                M13 - New Firms; Startups
                M14 - Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
                M15 - IT Management
                M16 - International Business Administration
                M19 - Other

          M2 - Business Economics

                M20 - General
                M21 - Business Economics 
                M29 - Other

          M3 - Marketing and Advertising

                M30 - General
                M31 - Marketing
                M37 - Advertising
                M38 - Government Policy and Regulation
                M39 - Other

          M4 - Accounting and Auditing

                M40 - General
                M41 - Accounting
                M42 - Auditing
                M48 - Government Policy and Regulation
                M49 - Other
                M5 - Personnel Economics
                M50 - General
                M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
                M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
                M53 - Training
                M54 - Labor Management
                M55 - Labor Contracting Devices
                M59 - Other
Retour

    N - Economic History

          N0 - General

                N00 - General
                N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods

          N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations

                N10 - General, International, or Comparative
                N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N14 - Europe: 1913–
                N15 - Asia including Middle East
                N16 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N17 - Africa; Oceania

          N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions

                N20 - General, International, or Comparative
                N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N23 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N24 - Europe: 1913–
                N25 - Asia including Middle East
                N26 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N27 - Africa; Oceania

          N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy

                N30 - General, International, or Comparative
                N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
                N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N34 - Europe: 1913-
                N35 - Asia including Middle East
                N36 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N37 - Africa; Oceania

          N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation

                N40 - General, International, or Comparative
                N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N44 - Europe: 1913–
                N45 - Asia including Middle East
                N46 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N47 - Africa; Oceania

          N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries

                N50 - General, International, or Comparative
                N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N54 - Europe: 1913–
                N55 - Asia including Middle East
                N56 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N57 - Africa; Oceania

          N6 - Manufacturing and Construction

                N60 - General, International, or Comparative
                N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N64 - Europe: 1913–
                N65 - Asia including Middle East
                N66 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N67 - Africa; Oceania

          N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services

                N70 - General, International, or Comparative
                N71 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N74 - Europe: 1913–
                N75 - Asia including Middle East
                N76 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N77 - Africa; Oceania

          N8 - Micro-Business History

                N80 - General, International, or Comparative
                N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N83 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N84 - Europe: 1913–
                N85 - Asia including Middle East
                N86 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N87 - Africa; Oceania

          N9 - Regional and Urban History

                N90 - General, International, or Comparative
                N91 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
                N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
                N93 - Europe: Pre-1913
                N94 - Europe: 1913–
                N95 - Asia including Middle East
                N96 - Latin America; Caribbean
                N97 - Africa; Oceania
Retour

    O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth

          O1 - Economic Development

                O10 - General
                O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
                O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
                O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
                O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
                O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
                O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
                O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
                O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
                O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations

          O2 - Development Planning and Policy

                O20 - General
                O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
                O22 - Project Analysis
                O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
                O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
                O25 - Industrial Policy
                O29 - Other

          O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development; Intellectual Property Rights

                O30 - General
                O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
                O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
                O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
                O34 - Intellectual Property Rights
                O38 - Government Policy
                O39 - Other

          O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity

                O40 - General
                O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
                O42 - Monetary Growth Models
                O43 - Institutions and Growth
                O44 - Environment and Growth
                O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
                O49 - Other

          O5 - Economywide Country Studies

                O50 - General
                O51 - U.S.; Canada
                O52 - Europe
                O53 - Asia including Middle East
                O54 - Latin America; Caribbean
                O55 - Africa
                O56 - Oceania
                O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
Retour

    P - Economic Systems

          P0 - General

                P00 - General

          P1 - Capitalist Systems

                P10 - General
                P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
                P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
                P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
                P14 - Property Rights
                P16 - Political Economy
                P17 - Performance and Prospects
                P19 - Other

          P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies

                P20 - General
                P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
                P22 - Prices
                P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
                P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
                P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
                P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights
                P27 - Performance and Prospects
                P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
                P29 - Other

          P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions

                P30 - General
                P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
                P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture
                P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, Business, and Aid (Updated!)
                P34 - Financial Economics
                P35 - Public Economics
                P36 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
                P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
                P39 - Other

          P4 - Other Economic Systems

                P40 - General
                P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
                P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
                P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics
                P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
                P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
                P46 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
                P47 - Performance and Prospects
                P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
                P49 - Other

          P5 - Comparative Economic Systems

                P50 - General
                P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
                P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
                P59 - Other
Retour

    Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics

          Q0 - General

                Q00 - General
                Q01 - Sustainable Development
                Q02 - Global Commodity Crises

          Q1 - Agriculture

                Q10 - General
                Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
                Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
                Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
                Q14 - Agricultural Finance
                Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
                Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services
                Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
                Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
                Q19 - Other

          Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation

                Q20 - General
                Q21 - Demand and Supply
                Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture
                Q23 - Forestry
                Q24 - Land
                Q25 - Water
                Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
                Q27 - Issues in International Trade
                Q28 - Government Policy
                Q29 - Other

          Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation

                Q30 - General
                Q31 - Demand and Supply
                Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
                Q33 - Resource Booms
                Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
                Q37 - Issues in International Trade
                Q38 - Government Policy
                Q39 - Other

          Q4 - Energy

                Q40 - General
                Q41 - Demand and Supply
                Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
                Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
                Q47 - Energy Forecasting
                Q48 - Government Policy
                Q49 - Other

          Q5 - Environmental Economics

                Q50 - General
                Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
                Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
                Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
                Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters; Global Warming
                Q55 - Technological Innovation
                Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
                Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology
                Q58 - Government Policy
                Q59 - Other
Retour

    R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics

          R0 - General

                R00 - General

          R1 - General Regional Economics

                R10 - General
                R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
                R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
                R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
                R14 - Land Use Patterns
                R15 - Econometric and Input–Output Models; Other Models
                R19 - Other

          R2 - Household Analysis

                R20 - General
                R21 - Housing Demand
                R22 - Other Demand
                R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics
                R28 - Government Policy
                R29 - Other

          R3 - Real Estate Markets, Production Analysis, and Firm Location

                R30 - General
                R31 - Housing Supply and Markets
                R32 - Other Production and Pricing Analysis
                R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
                R34 - Input Demand Analysis
                R38 - Government Policy; Regulatory Policy
                R39 - Other

          R4 - Transportation Systems

                R40 - General
                R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
                R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance; Transportation Planning
                R48 - Government Pricing and Policy
                R49 - Other

          R5 - Regional Government Analysis

                R50 - General
                R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
                R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations
                R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
                R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
                R59 - Other
Retour

    Y - Miscellaneous Categories

          Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts

                Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts

          Y2 - Introductory Material

                Y20 - Introductory Material

          Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified)

                Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)

          Y4 - Dissertations (unclassified)

                Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)

          Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified

                Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified)

          Y6 - Excerpts


          Y7 - No Author General Discussions

                Y70 - No Author General Discussions

          Y8 - Related Disciplines

                Y80 - Related Disciplines

          Y9 - Other

                Y90 - Other
                Y91 - Pictures and Maps
Retour

    Z - Other Special Topics

          Z0 - General

                Z00 - General

          Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology

                Z10 - General
                Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
                Z12 - Religion
                Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification
                Z18 - Public Policy
                Z19 - Other

          Z2 - Sports Economics

                Z20 - General
                Z21 - Industry Studies
                Z22 - Labor Issues
                Z23 - Finance
                Z28 - Policy
                Z29 - Other

          Z3 - Tourism Economics

                Z30 - General
                Z31 - Industry Studies
                Z32 - Tourism and Development
                Z33 - Marketing and Finance
                Z38 - Policy
                Z39 - Other
Retour

     -


Source : Copyright © 2012 American Economic Association
Consulter la source du système de classifications JEL sur le site de l'American Economic Association ici

La RETA dispose maintenant d'une référence D.O.I. : https://doi.org/10.62519/reta
A partir de 2024, chaque article publié recevra son d.o.i. spécifique.
Un plan d’attribution de d.o.i. est en cours d'exécution pour les articles publiés avant 2024.

La RETA n’accepte pratiquement plus les manuscrits ayant plus de deux auteurs.
Veuillez-bien lire et utiliser le fichier modele_reta.docx pour présenter votre manuscrit.
Veuillez-bien consulter les nouvelles instructions aux auteurs avant toute soumission.

Insertion de l'identifiant ORCID
En vue de la mise à jour de leur identification, tous les auteurs qui ont publié dans la RETA sont invités à fournir leur identifiant ORCID à l’adresse de soumission des articles de la RETA.