Classification JEL
Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) Classification System
- A - General Economics and Teaching
- A1 - General Economics
- A10 - General
- A11 - Role of Economics; Role of Economists; Market for Economists
- A12 - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines?
- A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values?
- A14 - Sociology of Economics?
- A19 - Other
- A2 - Economic Education and Teaching of Economics
- A20 - General
- A21 - Pre-college
- A22 - Undergraduate
- A23 - Graduate
- A29 - Other
- A3 - Collective Works
- A30 - General
- A31 - Collected Writings of Individuals
- A32 - Volumes
- A33 - Handbooks
- A39 - Other
- B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches
- B00 - General
- B1 - History of Economic Thought through 1925
- B10 - General
- B11 - Preclassical (Ancient, Medieval, Mercantilist, Physiocratic)
- B12 - Classical (includes Adam Smith)
- B13 - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Stockholm School)
- B14 - Socialist; Marxist B23
- B15 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary
- B16 - Quantitative and Mathematical
- B19 - Other
- B2 - History of Economic Thought since 1925
- B20 - General
- B21 - Microeconomics
- B22 - Macroeconomics
- B23 - Econometrics; Quantitative and Mathematical Studies
- B24 - Socialist; Marxist; Sraffian
- B25 - Historical; Institutional; Evolutionary; Austrian
- B26 - Financial Economics
- B29 - Other
- B3 - History of Economic Thought: Individuals
- B30 - General
- B31 - Individuals
- B32 - Obituaries
- B4 - Economic Methodology
- B40 - General
- B41 - Economic Methodology
- B49 - Other
- B5 - Current Heterodox Approaches
- B50 - General
- B51 - Socialist; Marxian; Sraffian
- B52 - Institutional; Evolutionary
- B53 - Austrian
- B54 - Feminist Economics
- B59 - Other
- C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods
- C0 - General
- C00 - General
- C01 - Econometrics
- C02 - Mathematical Methods
- C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General
- C10 - General
- C11 - Bayesian Analysis: General
- C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General
- C13 - Estimation: General
- C14 - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
- C15 - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
- C18 - Methodological Issues: General
- C19 - Other
- C2 - Single Equation Models; Single Variables
- C20 - General
- C21 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions B60
- C22 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models
- C23 - Models with Panel Data; Longitudinal Data; Spatial Time Series
- C24 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models
- C25 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions
- C26 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation B65
- C29 - Other
- C3 - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables
- C30 - General
- C31 - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models
- C32 - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models
- C33 - Models with Panel Data; Longitudinal Data; Spatial Time Series
- C34 - Truncated and Censored Models; Switching Regression Models
- C35 - Discrete Regression and Qualitative Choice Models; Discrete Regressors; Proportions
- C36 - Instrumental Variables (IV) Estimation
- C38 - Classification Methods; Cluster Analysis; Factor Models
- C39 - Other
- C4 - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics
- C40 - General
- C41 - Duration Analysis; Optimal Timing Strategies
- C43 - Index Numbers and Aggregation
- C44 - Operations Research; Statistical Decision
- C45 - Neural Networks and Related Topics
- C46 - Specific Distributions; Specific Statistics
- C49 - Other
- C5 - Econometric Modeling
- C50 - General
- C51 - Model Construction and Estimation
- C52 - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
- C53 - Forecasting and Prediction Methods; Simulation Methods (Updated!)
- C54 - Quantitative Policy Modeling
- C58 - Financial Econometrics
- C59 - Other
- C6 - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling
- C60 - General
- C61 - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
- C62 - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium
- C63 - Computational Techniques; Simulation Modeling
- C65 - Miscellaneous Mathematical Tools
- C67 - Input–Output Models
- C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models
- C69 - Other
- C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory
- C70 - General
- C71 - Cooperative Games
- C72 - Noncooperative Games
- C73 - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games
- C78 - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
- C79 - Other
- C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs
- C80 - General
- C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data; Data Analysis
- C82 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data; Data Analysis
- C83 - Survey Methods; Sampling Methods
- C87 - Econometric Software
- C88 - Other Computer Software
- C89 - Other
- C9 - Design of Experiments
- C90 - General
- C91 - Laboratory, Individual Behavior
- C92 - Laboratory, Group Behavior
- C93 - Field Experiments
- C99 - Other
- D - Microeconomics
- D0 - General
- D00 - General
- D01 - Microeconomic Behavior: Underlying Principles
- D02 - Institutions: Design, Formation, and Operations
- D03 - Behavioral Economics; Underlying Principles
- D04 - Microeconomic Policy: Formulation; Implementation; Evaluation
- D1 - Household Behavior and Family Economics
- D10 - General
- D11 - Consumer Economics: Theory
- D12 - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
- D13 - Household Production and Intrahousehold
- D14 - Personal Finance
- D18 - Consumer Protection
- D19 - Other
- D2 - Production and Organizations
- D20 - General
- D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory
- D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
- D23 - Organizational Behavior; Transaction Costs; Property Rights
- D24 - Production; Cost; Capital; Capital, Total Factor, and Multifactor Productivity; Capacity(Updated!)
- D29 - Other
- D3 - Distribution
- D30 - General
- D31 - Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
- D33 - Factor Income Distribution
- D39 - Other
- D4 - Market Structure and Pricing
- D40 - General
- D41 - Perfect Competition
- D42 - Monopoly
- D43 - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
- D44 - Auctions
- D45 - Rationing; Licensing
- D46 - Value Theory
- D47 - Market Design (Updated!)
- D49 - Other
- D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
- D50 - General
- D51 - Exchange and Production Economies
- D52 - Incomplete Markets
- D53 - Financial Markets
- D57 - Input-Output Tables and Analysis
- D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
- D59 - Other
- D6 - Welfare Economics
- D60 - General
- D61 - Allocative Efficiency; Cost-Benefit Analysis
- D62 - Externalities
- D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement
- D64 - Altruism; Philanthropy (Updated!)
- D69 - Other
- D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making
- D70 - General
- D71 - Social Choice; Clubs; Committees; Associations
- D72 - Political Processes: Rent-Seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
- D73 - Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption
- D74 - Conflict; Conflict Resolution; Alliances
- D78 - Positive Analysis of Policy-Making and Implementation
- D79 - Other
- D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty
- D80 - General
- D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
- D82 - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
- D83 - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief
- D84 - Expectations; Speculations
- D85 - Network Formation and Analysis: Theory
- D86 - Economics of Contract: Theory
- D87 - Neuroeconomics
- D89 - Other
- D9 - Intertemporal Choice and Growth
- D90 - General
- D91 - Intertemporal Consumer Choice; Life Cycle Models and Saving
- D92 - Intertemporal Firm Choice and Growth, Financing, Investment, and Capacity
- D99 - Other
- E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics
- E0 - General
- E00 - General
- E01 - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
- E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
- E1 - General Aggregative Models
- E10 - General
- E11 - Marxian; Sraffian; Institutional; Evolutionary
- E12 - Keynes; Keynesian; Post-Keynesian
- E13 - Neoclassical
- E16 - Social Accounting Matrix (Updated!)
- E17 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and
- E19 - Other
- E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy
- E20 - General
- E21 - Consumption; Saving; Wealth
- E22 - Capital; Investment; Capacity
- E23 - Production
- E24 - Employment; Unemployment; Wages; Intergenerational Income Distribution; Aggregate Human Capital
- E25 - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
- E26 - Informal Economy; Underground Economy
- E27 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
- E29 - Other
- E3 - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles
- E30 - General
- E31 - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
- E32 - Business Fluctuations; Cycles
- E37 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
- E39 - Other
- E4 - Money and Interest Rates
- E40 - General
- E41 - Demand for Money
- E42 - Monetary Systems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System; Payment Systems
- E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects
- E44 - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
- E47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
- E49 - Other
- E5 - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
- E50 - General
- E51 - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
- E52 - Monetary Policy
- E58 - Central Banks and Their Policies
- E59 - Other
- E6 - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook
- E60 - General
- E61 - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
- E62 - Fiscal Policy
- E63 - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy
- E64 - Incomes Policy; Price Policy
- E65 - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
- E66 - General Outlook and Conditions
- E69 - Other
- F - International Economics
- F0 - General
- F00 - General
- F01 - Global Outlook
- F02 - International Economic Order
- F1 - Trade
- F10 - General
- F11 - Neoclassical Models of Trade
- F12 - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
- F13 - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations
- F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade (Updated!)
- F15 - Economic Integration
- F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions
- F17 - Trade Forecasting and Simulation
- F18 - Trade and Environment
- F19 - Other
- F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business
- F20 - General
- F21 - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
- F22 - International Migration
- F23 - Multinational Firms; International Business
- F24 - Remittances
- F29 - Other
- F3 - International Finance
- F30 - General
- F31 - Foreign Exchange
- F32 - Current Account Adjustment; Short-Term Capital Movements
- F33 - International Monetary Arrangements and Institutions
- F34 - International Lending and Debt Problems
- F35 - Foreign Aid
- F36 - Financial Aspects of Economic Integration
- F37 - International Finance Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
- F39 - Other
- F4 - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance
- F40 - General
- F41 - Open Economy Macroeconomics
- F42 - International Policy Coordination and Transmission
- F43 - Economic Growth of Open Economies
- F44 - International Business Cycles
- F45 - Macroeconomic Issues of Monetary Unions
- F47 - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
- F49 - Other
- F5 - International Relations and International Political Economy
- F50 - General
- F51 - National Security; Economic Nationalism
- F52 - International Agreements and Observance; International Organizations
- F53 - Colonialism; Imperialism; Postcolonialism
- F54 - International Institutional Arrangements
- F55 - Other
- F59 - Globalization
- F6 - General
- F60 - Microeconomic Impacts
- F61 - Macroeconomic Impacts
- F62 - Economic Development
- F63 - Environment
- F64 - Finance
- F65 - Labor
- F66 - Policy
- F68 - Financial Economics
- F69 - General
- G - Financial Economics
- G0 - Financial Crises
- G00 - Behavioral Finance: Underlying Principles
- G01 - Financial Crises
- G02 - Behavioral Finance: Underlying Principles
- G1 - General Financial Markets
- G10 - General
- G11 - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
- G12 - Asset Pricing; Trading volume; Bond Interest Rates
- G13 - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
- G14 - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies
- G15 - International Financial Markets
- G17 - Financial Forecasting and Simulation
- G18 - Government Policy and Regulation
- G19 - Other
- G2 - Financial Institutions and Services
- G20 - General
- G21 - Banks; Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
- G22 - Insurance; Insurance Companies
- G23 - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors (Updated!)
- G24 - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage; Ratings and Ratings Agencies
- G28 - Government Policy and Regulation
- G29 - Other
- G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance
- G30 - General
- G31 - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies; Capacity
- G32 - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill (Updated!)
- G33 - Bankruptcy; Liquidation
- G34 - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
- G35 - Payout Policy
- G38 - Government Policy and Regulation
- G39 - Other
- H - Public Economics
- H00 - General
- H1 - General
- H10 - Structure and Scope of Government
- H11 - General
- H12 - Structure, Scope, and Performance of Government
- H19 - Crisis Management
- H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- H20 - General
- H21 - Efficiency; Optimal Taxation
- H22 - Incidence
- H23 - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
- H24 - Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies
- H25 - Business Taxes and Subsidies
- H26 - Tax Evasion
- H27 - Other Sources of Revenue
- H29 - Other
- H3 - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents
- H30 - General
- H31 - Household
- H32 - Firm
- H39 - Other
- H4 - Publicly Provided Goods
- H40 - General
- H41 - Public Goods
- H42 - Publicly Provided Private Goods
- H43 - Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate
- H44 - Publicly Provided Goods: Mixed Markets
- H49 - Other
- H5 - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies
- H50 - General
- H51 - Government Expenditures and Health
- H52 - Government Expenditures and Education
- H53 - Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs
- H54 - Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock
- H55 - Social Security and Public Pensions
- H56 - National Security and War
- H57 - Procurement
- H59 - Other
- H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt
- H60 - General
- H61 - Budget; Budget Systems
- H62 - Deficit; Surplus
- H63 - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt
- H68 - Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt
- H69 - Other
- H7 - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations
- H70 - General
- H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue
- H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures
- H73 - Interjurisdictional Differentials and Their Effects
- H74 - State and Local Borrowing
- H75 - State and Local Government: Health; Education; Welfare; Public Pensions
- H76 - State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories
- H77 - Intergovernmental Relations; Federalism; Secession
- H79 - Other
- H8 - Miscellaneous Issues
- H80 - General
- H81 - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts
- H82 - Governmental Property
- H83 - Public Administration; Public Sector Accounting and Audits
- H84 - Disaster Aid
- H87 - International Fiscal Issues; International Public Goods
- H89 - Other
- I - Health, Education, and Welfare
- I0 - General
- I00 - General
- I1 - Health
- I10 - Analysis of Health Care Markets
- I11 - Health Production
- I12 - Health Insurance, Public and Private
- I13 - Health and Inequality
- I14 - Health and Economic Development
- I15 - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
- I18 - Other
- I19 - Other
- I2 - Education and Research Institutions
- I20 - General
- I21 - Analysis of Education
- I22 - Educational Finance
- I23 - Higher Education and Research Institutions
- I24 - Education and Inequality
- I25 - Education and Economic Development
- I28 - Government Policy
- I29 - Other
- I3 - Welfare and Poverty
- I30 - General
- I31 - General Welfare
- I32 - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
- I38 - Government Policy; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
- I39 - Other
- J - Labor and Demographic Economics
- J0 - General
- J00 - General
- J01 - Labor Economics: General
- J08 - Labor Economics Policies
- J1 - Demographic Economics
- J10 - General
- J11 - Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts
- J12 - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure; Domestic Abuse
- J13 - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
- J14 - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
- J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
- J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
- J17 - Value of Life; Forgone Income
- J18 - Public Policy
- J19 - Other
- J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor
- J20 - General
- J21 - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
- J22 - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
- J23 - Labor Demand
- J24 - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
- J26 - Retirement; Retirement Policies
- J28 - Safety; Job Satisfaction; Related Public Policy
- J29 - Other
- J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
- J30 - General
- J31 - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
- J32 - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Private Pensions
- J33 - Compensation Packages; Payment Methods
- J38 - Public Policy
- J39 - Other
- J4 - Particular Labor Markets
- J40 - General
- J41 - Labor Contracts
- J42 - Monopsony; Segmented Labor Markets
- J43 - Agricultural Labor Markets
- J44 - Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing
- J45 - Public Sector Labor Markets
- J47 - Coercive Labor Markets
- J48 - Public Policy
- J49 - Other
- J5 - Labor–Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining
- J50 - General
- J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects
- J52 - Dispute Resolution: Strikes, Arbitration, and Mediation; Collective Bargaining
- J53 - Labor–Management Relations; Industrial Jurisprudence
- J54 - Producer Cooperatives; Labor Managed Firms; Employee Ownership
- J58 - Public Policy
- J59 - Other
- J6 - General
- J60 - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
- J61 - Job, Occupational, and Intergenerational Mobility
- J62 - Turnover; Vacancies; Layoffs
- J63 - Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search
- J64 - Unemployment Insurance; Severance Pay; Plant Closings
- J65 - Public Policy
- J68 - Public Policy
- J69 - Other
- J7 - Labor Discrimination
- J70 - General
- J71 - Discrimination
- J78 - Public Policy
- J79 - Other
- J8 - Labor Standards: National and International
- J80 - General
- J81 - Working Conditions
- J82 - Labor Force Composition
- J83 - Workers' Rights
- J88 - Public Policy
- J89 - Other
- K - Law and Economics
- K0 - General
- K00 - General
- K1 - Basic Areas of Law
- K10 - General
- K11 - Property Law
- K12 - Contract Law
- K13 - Tort Law and Product Liability
- K14 - Criminal Law
- K19 - Other
- K2 - Regulation and Business Law
- K20 - General
- K21 - Antitrust Law
- K22 - Business and Securities Law (Updated!)
- K23 - Regulated Industries and Administrative Law
- K29 - Other
- K3 - Other Substantive Areas of Law
- K30 - K30
- K31 - Labor Law
- K32 - Environmental, Health, and Safety Law
- K33 - International Law
- K34 - Tax Law
- K35 - Personal Bankruptcy Law
- K36 - Family and Personal Law
- K37 - Immigration Law (Updated!)
- K39 - Other
- K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior
- K40 - General
- K41 - Litigation Process
- K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law
- K49 - Other
- L - Industrial Organization
- L0 - General
- L00 - General
- L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
- L10 - General
- L11 - Production, Pricing, and Market Structure; Size Distribution of Firms
- L12 - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies
- L13 - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
- L14 - Transactional Relationships; Contracts and Reputation; Networks
- L15 - Information and Product Quality; Standardization and Compatibility
- L16 - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change; Industrial Price Indices
- L17 - Open Source Products and Markets
- L19 - Other
- L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior
- L20 - General
- L21 - Business Objectives of the Firm
- L22 - Firm Organization and Market Structure
- L23 - Organization of Production
- L24 - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures; Technology Licensing
- L25 - Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
- L26 - Entrepreneurship
- L3 - Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise
- L30 - General
- L31 - Nonprofit Institutions; NGOs
- L32 - Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises
- L33 - Comparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit Institutions; Privatization; Contracting Out
- L38 - Public Policy
- L39 - Other
- L4 - Antitrust Issues and Policies
- L40 - General
- L41 - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
- L42 - Vertical Restraints; Resale Price Maintenance; Quantity Discounts
- L43 - Legal Monopolies and Regulation or Deregulation
- L44 - Antitrust Policy and Public Enterprises, Nonprofit Institutions, and Professional Organizations
- L49 - Other
- L5 - Regulation and Industrial Policy
- L50 - General
- L51 - Economics of Regulation
- L52 - Industrial Policy; Sectoral Planning Methods
- L53 - Enterprise Policy
- L59 - Other
- L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing
- L60 - General
- L61 - Metals and Metal Products; Cement; Glass; Ceramics
- L62 - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment
- L63 - Microelectronics; Computers; Communications Equipment
- L64 - Other Machinery; Business Equipment; Armaments
- L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology
- L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco; Wine and Spirits
- L67 - Other Consumer Nondurables: Clothing, Textiles, Shoes, and Leather
- L68 - Appliances; Other Consumer Durables
- L69 - Other
- L7 - Industry Studies: Primary Products and Construction
- L70 - General
- L71 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Hydrocarbon Fuels
- L72 - Mining, Extraction, and Refining: Other Nonrenewable Resources
- L73 - Forest Products
- L74 - Construction
- L78 - Government Policy
- L79 - Other
- L8 - Industry Studies: Services
- L80 - General
- L81 - Retail and Wholesale Trade; e-Commerce
- L82 - Entertainment; Media
- L83 - Sports; Gambling; Recreation; Tourism
- L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services
- L85 - Real Estate Services
- L86 - Information and Internet Services; Computer Software
- L87 - Postal and Delivery Services
- L88 - Government Policy
- L89 - Other
- L9 - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities
- L90 - General
- L91 - Transportation: General
- L92 - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
- L93 - Air Transportation
- L94 - Electric Utilities
- L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities
- L96 - Telecommunications
- L97 - Utilities: General
- L98 - Government Policy
- L99 - Other
- M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting
- M0 - General
- M00 - General
- M1 - Business Administration
- M10 - General
- M11 - Production Management
- M12 - Personnel Management; Executive Compensation
- M13 - New Firms; Startups
- M14 - Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
- M15 - IT Management
- M16 - International Business Administration
- M19 - Other
- M2 - Business Economics
- M20 - General
- M21 - Business Economics
- M29 - Other
- M3 - Marketing and Advertising
- M30 - General
- M31 - Marketing
- M37 - Advertising
- M38 - Government Policy and Regulation
- M39 - Other
- M4 - Accounting and Auditing
- M40 - General
- M41 - Accounting
- M42 - Auditing
- M48 - Government Policy and Regulation
- M49 - Other
- M5 - Personnel Economics
- M50 - General
- M51 - Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
- M52 - Compensation and Compensation Methods and Their Effects
- M53 - Training
- M54 - Labor Management
- M55 - Labor Contracting Devices
- M59 - Other
- N - Economic History
- N0 - General
- N00 - General
- N01 - Development of the Discipline: Historiographical; Sources and Methods
- N1 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations
- N10 - General, International, or Comparative
- N11 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N12 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- N13 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N14 - Europe: 1913–
- N15 - Asia including Middle East
- N16 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N17 - Africa; Oceania
- N2 - Financial Markets and Institutions
- N20 - General, International, or Comparative
- N21 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N22 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- N23 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N24 - Europe: 1913–
- N25 - Asia including Middle East
- N26 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N27 - Africa; Oceania
- N3 - Labor and Consumers, Demography, Education, Health, Welfare, Income, Wealth, Religion, and Philanthropy
- N30 - General, International, or Comparative
- N31 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N32 - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
- N33 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N34 - Europe: 1913-
- N35 - Asia including Middle East
- N36 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N37 - Africa; Oceania
- N4 - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation
- N40 - General, International, or Comparative
- N41 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N42 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- N43 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N44 - Europe: 1913–
- N45 - Asia including Middle East
- N46 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N47 - Africa; Oceania
- N5 - Agriculture, Natural Resources, Environment, and Extractive Industries
- N50 - General, International, or Comparative
- N51 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N52 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- N53 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N54 - Europe: 1913–
- N55 - Asia including Middle East
- N56 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N57 - Africa; Oceania
- N6 - Manufacturing and Construction
- N60 - General, International, or Comparative
- N61 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N62 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- N63 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N64 - Europe: 1913–
- N65 - Asia including Middle East
- N66 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N67 - Africa; Oceania
- N7 - Transport, Trade, Energy, Technology, and Other Services
- N70 - General, International, or Comparative
- N71 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N72 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- N73 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N74 - Europe: 1913–
- N75 - Asia including Middle East
- N76 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N77 - Africa; Oceania
- N8 - Micro-Business History
- N80 - General, International, or Comparative
- N81 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N82 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- N83 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N84 - Europe: 1913–
- N85 - Asia including Middle East
- N86 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N87 - Africa; Oceania
- N9 - Regional and Urban History
- N90 - General, International, or Comparative
- N91 - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
- N92 - U.S.; Canada: 1913–
- N93 - Europe: Pre-1913
- N94 - Europe: 1913–
- N95 - Asia including Middle East
- N96 - Latin America; Caribbean
- N97 - Africa; Oceania
- O - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth
- O1 - Economic Development
- O10 - General
- O11 - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- O12 - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
- O13 - Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products
- O14 - Industrialization; Manufacturing and Service Industries; Choice of Technology
- O15 - Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration
- O16 - Financial Markets; Saving and Capital Investment; Corporate Finance and Governance
- O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements
- O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
- O19 - International Linkages to Development; Role of International Organizations
- O2 - Development Planning and Policy
- O20 - General
- O21 - Planning Models; Planning Policy
- O22 - Project Analysis
- O23 - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development
- O24 - Trade Policy; Factor Movement Policy; Foreign Exchange Policy
- O25 - Industrial Policy
- O29 - Other
- O3 - Technological Change; Research and Development; Intellectual Property Rights
- O30 - General
- O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives
- O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D
- O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
- O34 - Intellectual Property Rights
- O38 - Government Policy
- O39 - Other
- O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity
- O40 - General
- O41 - One, Two, and Multisector Growth Models
- O42 - Monetary Growth Models
- O43 - Institutions and Growth
- O44 - Environment and Growth
- O47 - Measurement of Economic Growth; Aggregate Productivity; Cross-Country Output Convergence
- O49 - Other
- O5 - Economywide Country Studies
- O50 - General
- O51 - U.S.; Canada
- O52 - Europe
- O53 - Asia including Middle East
- O54 - Latin America; Caribbean
- O55 - Africa
- O56 - Oceania
- O57 - Comparative Studies of Countries
- P - Economic Systems
- P0 - General
- P00 - General
- P1 - Capitalist Systems
- P10 - General
- P11 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- P12 - Capitalist Enterprises
- P13 - Cooperative Enterprises
- P14 - Property Rights
- P16 - Political Economy
- P17 - Performance and Prospects
- P19 - Other
- P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies
- P20 - General
- P21 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- P22 - Prices
- P23 - Factor and Product Markets; Industry Studies; Population
- P24 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- P25 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics
- P26 - Political Economy; Property Rights
- P27 - Performance and Prospects
- P28 - Natural Resources; Energy; Environment
- P29 - Other
- P3 - Socialist Institutions and Their Transitions
- P30 - General
- P31 - Socialist Enterprises and Their Transitions
- P32 - Collectives; Communes; Agriculture
- P33 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, Business, and Aid (Updated!)
- P34 - Financial Economics
- P35 - Public Economics
- P36 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
- P37 - Legal Institutions; Illegal Behavior
- P39 - Other
- P4 - Other Economic Systems
- P40 - General
- P41 - Planning, Coordination, and Reform
- P42 - Productive Enterprises; Factor and Product Markets; Prices; Population
- P43 - Public Economics; Financial Economics
- P44 - National Income, Product, and Expenditure; Money; Inflation
- P45 - International Trade, Finance, Investment, and Aid
- P46 - Consumer Economics; Health; Education and Training; Welfare, Income, Wealth, and Poverty
- P47 - Performance and Prospects
- P48 - Political Economy; Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
- P49 - Other
- P5 - Comparative Economic Systems
- P50 - General
- P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems
- P52 - Comparative Studies of Particular Economies
- P59 - Other
- Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics
- Q0 - General
- Q00 - General
- Q01 - Sustainable Development
- Q02 - Global Commodity Crises
- Q1 - Agriculture
- Q10 - General
- Q11 - Aggregate Supply and Demand Analysis; Prices
- Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
- Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness
- Q14 - Agricultural Finance
- Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
- Q16 - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services
- Q17 - Agriculture in International Trade
- Q18 - Agricultural Policy; Food Policy
- Q19 - Other
- Q2 - Renewable Resources and Conservation
- Q20 - General
- Q21 - Demand and Supply
- Q22 - Fishery; Aquaculture
- Q23 - Forestry
- Q24 - Land
- Q25 - Water
- Q26 - Recreational Aspects of Natural Resources
- Q27 - Issues in International Trade
- Q28 - Government Policy
- Q29 - Other
- Q3 - Nonrenewable Resources and Conservation
- Q30 - General
- Q31 - Demand and Supply
- Q32 - Exhaustible Resources and Economic Development
- Q33 - Resource Booms
- Q34 - Natural Resources and Domestic and International Conflicts
- Q37 - Issues in International Trade
- Q38 - Government Policy
- Q39 - Other
- Q4 - Energy
- Q40 - General
- Q41 - Demand and Supply
- Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources
- Q43 - Energy and the Macroeconomy
- Q47 - Energy Forecasting
- Q48 - Government Policy
- Q49 - Other
- Q5 - Environmental Economics
- Q50 - General
- Q51 - Valuation of Environmental Effects
- Q52 - Pollution Control Adoption Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects
- Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; Noise; Hazardous Waste; Solid Waste; Recycling
- Q54 - Climate; Natural Disasters; Global Warming
- Q55 - Technological Innovation
- Q56 - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
- Q57 - Ecological Economics: Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity Conservation; Bioeconomics; Industrial Ecology
- Q58 - Government Policy
- Q59 - Other
- R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics
- R0 - General
- R00 - General
- R1 - General Regional Economics
- R10 - General
- R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
- R12 - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity
- R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies
- R14 - Land Use Patterns
- R15 - Econometric and Input–Output Models; Other Models
- R19 - Other
- R2 - Household Analysis
- R20 - General
- R21 - Housing Demand
- R22 - Other Demand
- R23 - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population; Neighborhood Characteristics
- R28 - Government Policy
- R29 - Other
- R3 - Real Estate Markets, Production Analysis, and Firm Location
- R30 - General
- R31 - Housing Supply and Markets
- R32 - Other Production and Pricing Analysis
- R33 - Nonagricultural and Nonresidential Real Estate Markets
- R34 - Input Demand Analysis
- R38 - Government Policy; Regulatory Policy
- R39 - Other
- R4 - Transportation Systems
- R40 - General
- R41 - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
- R42 - Government and Private Investment Analysis; Road Maintenance; Transportation Planning
- R48 - Government Pricing and Policy
- R49 - Other
- R5 - Regional Government Analysis
- R50 - General
- R51 - Finance in Urban and Rural Economies
- R52 - Land Use and Other Regulations
- R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis; Public Investment and Capital Stock
- R58 - Regional Development Planning and Policy
- R59 - Other
- Y - Miscellaneous Categories
- Y1 - Data: Tables and Charts
- Y10 - Data: Tables and Charts
- Y2 - Introductory Material
- Y20 - Introductory Material
- Y3 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
- Y30 - Book Reviews (unclassified)
- Y4 - Dissertations (unclassified)
- Y40 - Dissertations (unclassified)
- Y5 - Further Reading (unclassified
- Y50 - Further Reading (unclassified)
- Y6 - Excerpts
- Y7 - No Author General Discussions
- Y70 - No Author General Discussions
- Y8 - Related Disciplines
- Y80 - Related Disciplines
- Y9 - Other
- Y90 - Other
- Y91 - Pictures and Maps
- Z - Other Special Topics
- Z0 - General
- Z00 - General
- Z1 - Cultural Economics; Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology
- Z10 - General
- Z11 - Economics of the Arts and Literature
- Z12 - Religion
- Z13 - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification
- Z18 - Public Policy
- Z19 - Other
- Z2 - Sports Economics
- Z20 - General
- Z21 - Industry Studies
- Z22 - Labor Issues
- Z23 - Finance
- Z28 - Policy
- Z29 - Other
- Z3 - Tourism Economics
- Z30 - General
- Z31 - Industry Studies
- Z32 - Tourism and Development
- Z33 - Marketing and Finance
- Z38 - Policy
- Z39 - Other
Source : Copyright © 2012 American Economic Association
Consulter la source du système de classifications JEL sur le site de l'American Economic Association ici